PraisonAI: Unauthenticated WebSocket Endpoint Proxies to Paid OpenAI Realtime API Without Rate Limits

Exploitation

No confirmed exploitation recorded. Patch Next marks exploitation only from CISA KEV.

CVSS

7.5 · CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

EPSS

• CVE-2026-40116: 0.37% estimated exploitation activity in the next 30 days; percentile 31.22 (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-03). This is a model estimate, not proof of exploitation or customer exposure.

As published by the source; long descriptions are shortened.

Summary The /media-stream WebSocket endpoint in PraisonAI's call module accepts connections from any client without authentication or Twilio signature validation. Each connection opens an authenticated session to OpenAI's Realtime API using the server's API key. There are no limits on concurrent connections, message rate, or message size, allowing an unauthenticated attacker to exhaust server resources and drain the victim's OpenAI API credits. Details The vulnerability exists in src/praisonai/praisonai/api/call.py. The FastAPI application defines a WebSocket endpoint at line 108 with no authentication middleware, no Twilio request signature validation, and no rate limiting: Immediately upon connection, the handler opens an authenticated session to OpenAI's paid Realtime API using the server's OPENAIAPIKEY: The receivefromtwilio() coroutine then reads unlimited messages and forwards them directly to OpenAI: The server binds to 0.0.0.0 (line 273) and can be exposed to the internet via…

Published by the source

10 Apr 2026, 19:22 UTC

Last modified by the source

13 Jul 2026, 16:43 UTC

Source last checked

26 Oct 2026, 13:40 UTC

1. Revision 2 · amended · 26 Oct 2026

   Amended from ghsa record GHSA-q5r4-47m9-5mc7

2. Revision 1 · created · 24 Oct 2026

   Published from osv record GHSA-q5r4-47m9-5mc7

Preview the exact text before you copy it. Commands are read-only suggestions; review them before running anything.

# Patch Next advisory brief: CVE-2026-40116

Advisory: PraisonAI: Unauthenticated WebSocket Endpoint Proxies to Paid OpenAI Realtime API Without Rate Limits
IDs: CVE-2026-40116, GHSA-q5r4-47m9-5mc7
Record: https://patchnext.com/advisories/cve-2026-40116 (revision 2, source checked 26 Oct 2026, 13:40 UTC)
Inventory: none attached. This brief comes from a public page and does not say whether any deployment is affected.
Severity: High (CVSS 7.5)
Exploitation: no confirmed exploitation recorded. Patch Next confirms exploitation only from CISA KEV.
Vendor response: Vendor fix available; fixed versions by package: praisonai 4.5.128. A vendor fix does not mean a deployment is fixed.

## Affected components
- PyPI praisonai: affected < 4.5.128; fixed in 4.5.128

## Suggested inspection (read-only)
- `python -m pip show praisonai`: prints the installed version. Run with the environment that serves production active.

## Supported action
Upgrade each affected component to a fixed version on its release line. For a transitive dependency, upgrade the parent package or add an override or constraint, then regenerate the lockfile. Redeploy every environment that ran an affected version.

## Required regression checks
- Run the test suite and a production build.
- Exercise the features that depend on praisonai.
- Repeat the inspection and confirm that only fixed versions remain installed.

## Rollback considerations
- Keep the previous lockfile and deployment artifact. Rolling back reinstates the vulnerable version, so apply any documented mitigation while you fix forward.

## Unresolved questions
- Which deployments run an affected version?
- Exploitation status can change. Check again before lowering the priority.
- Mark the work resolved only after the fixed version is verified in production.

## Sources
- Verified: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-q5r4-47m9-5mc7 (OSV record GHSA-q5r4-47m9-5mc7 lists affected ranges: PyPI praisonai >=0 <4.5.128 (fixed))
- Verified: https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-q5r4-47m9-5mc7 (GitHub-reviewed advisory GHSA-q5r4-47m9-5mc7 lists affected ranges: PyPI praisonai >=0 <4.5.128)

Commands are suggestions: review each one before running it.