Werkzeug safe_join() allows Windows special device names

Exploitation

No confirmed exploitation recorded. Patch Next marks exploitation only from CISA KEV.

CVSS 4.0

6.3 · CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N · score source

EPSS

• CVE-2025-66221: 0.55% estimated exploitation activity in the next 30 days; percentile 45.91 (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-03). This is a model estimate, not proof of exploitation or customer exposure.

As published by the source; long descriptions are shortened.

Werkzeug's safejoin function allows path segments with Windows device names. On Windows, there are special device names such as CON, AUX, etc that are implicitly present and readable in every directory. sendfromdirectory uses safejoin to safely serve files at user-specified paths under a directory. If the application is running on Windows, and the requested path ends with a special device name, the file will be opened successfully, but reading will hang indefinitely.

Published by the source

2 Dec 2025, 00:27 UTC

Last modified by the source

10 Sep 2026, 03:50 UTC

Source last checked

26 Oct 2026, 13:36 UTC

1. Revision 3 · amended · 26 Oct 2026

   Amended from ghsa record GHSA-hgf8-39gv-g3f2

2. Revision 2 · amended · 25 Oct 2026

   Reviewed OSV alias/range/CVSS4 correction; package source scopes and original publication preserved. No customer finding resolved.

3. Revision 1 · created · 24 Oct 2026

   Published from osv record GHSA-hgf8-39gv-g3f2

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# Patch Next advisory brief: CVE-2025-66221

Advisory: Werkzeug safe_join() allows Windows special device names
IDs: CVE-2025-66221, GHSA-hgf8-39gv-g3f2
Record: https://patchnext.com/advisories/cve-2025-66221 (revision 3, source checked 26 Oct 2026, 13:36 UTC)
Inventory: none attached. This brief comes from a public page and does not say whether any deployment is affected.
Severity: Medium (CVSS 6.3)
Exploitation: no confirmed exploitation recorded. Patch Next confirms exploitation only from CISA KEV.
Vendor response: Vendor fix available; fixed versions by package: werkzeug 3.1.4. A vendor fix does not mean a deployment is fixed.

## Affected components
- PyPI werkzeug: affected < 3.1.4; fixed in 3.1.4

## Suggested inspection (read-only)
- `python -m pip show werkzeug`: prints the installed version. Run with the environment that serves production active.

## Supported action
Upgrade each affected component to a fixed version on its release line. For a transitive dependency, upgrade the parent package or add an override or constraint, then regenerate the lockfile. Redeploy every environment that ran an affected version.

## Required regression checks
- Run the test suite and a production build.
- Exercise the features that depend on werkzeug.
- Repeat the inspection and confirm that only fixed versions remain installed.

## Rollback considerations
- Keep the previous lockfile and deployment artifact. Rolling back reinstates the vulnerable version, so apply any documented mitigation while you fix forward.

## Unresolved questions
- Which deployments run an affected version?
- Exploitation status can change. Check again before lowering the priority.
- Mark the work resolved only after the fixed version is verified in production.

## Sources
- Verified: https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-hgf8-39gv-g3f2 (OSV record GHSA-hgf8-39gv-g3f2 lists affected ranges: PyPI werkzeug >=0 <3.1.4 (fixed))
- Verified: https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-hgf8-39gv-g3f2 (GitHub-reviewed advisory GHSA-hgf8-39gv-g3f2 lists affected ranges: PyPI werkzeug >=0 <3.1.4)

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