Pebble has Arbitrary Local File Inclusion (LFI) Vulnerability via include macro

Exploitation

No confirmed exploitation recorded. Patch Next marks exploitation only from CISA KEV.

CVSS 4.0

7.0 · CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N · score source

EPSS

• CVE-2025-1686: 0.85% estimated exploitation activity in the next 30 days; percentile 58.13 (FIRST EPSS, 2026-11-03). This is a model estimate, not proof of exploitation or customer exposure.

As published by the source; long descriptions are shortened.

Summary If untrusted user input is used to dynamically create a PebbleTemplate with the method PebbleEngine#getLiteralTemplate, then an attacker can include arbitrary local files from the file system into the generated template, leaking potentially sensitive information into the output of PebbleTemplate#evaluate. This is done via the include macro. Details The include macro calls PebbleTempateImpl#resolveRelativePath with the relativePath argument passed within the template: Example template: When resolveRelativePath is called, the relativePath is resolved against the PebbleTemplateImpl.name variable. https://github.com/PebbleTemplates/pebble/blob/82ad7fcf9e9eaa45ee82ae3335a1409d19c10263/pebble/src/main/java/io/pebbletemplates/pebble/template/PebbleTemplateImpl.java#L380 Unfortunately, when the template is created from a string, as is the case when PebbleEngine#getLiteralTemplate is used, the PebbleTemplateImpl.name variable is actually the entirety of the contents of the template,…

Published by the source

28 Feb 2025, 19:45 UTC

Last modified by the source

24 Apr 2026, 20:55 UTC

Source last checked

26 Oct 2026, 16:45 UTC

1. Revision 1 · created · 26 Oct 2026

   Published from ghsa record GHSA-p75g-cxfj-7wrx

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# Patch Next advisory brief: CVE-2025-1686

Advisory: Pebble has Arbitrary Local File Inclusion (LFI) Vulnerability via `include` macro
IDs: CVE-2025-1686, GHSA-p75g-cxfj-7wrx
Record: https://patchnext.com/advisories/cve-2025-1686 (revision 1, source checked 26 Oct 2026, 16:45 UTC)
Inventory: none attached. This brief comes from a public page and does not say whether any deployment is affected.
Severity: High (CVSS 7.0)
Exploitation: no confirmed exploitation recorded. Patch Next confirms exploitation only from CISA KEV.
Vendor response: Vendor response not established. A vendor fix does not mean a deployment is fixed.

## Affected components
- Maven io.pebbletemplates:pebble: affected <= 3.2.3

## Suggested inspection (read-only)
- Maven io.pebbletemplates:pebble: check the installed version with your package manager.

## Supported action
No complete vendor fix is recorded. Follow the primary source's mitigation guidance and check this record again before closing anything.

## Required regression checks
- Run the test suite and a production build.
- Exercise the features that depend on io.pebbletemplates:pebble.
- Repeat the inspection and confirm that only fixed versions remain installed.

## Rollback considerations
- Keep the previous lockfile and deployment artifact. Rolling back reinstates the vulnerable version, so apply any documented mitigation while you fix forward.

## Unresolved questions
- Which deployments run an affected version?
- Exploitation status can change. Check again before lowering the priority.
- Mark the work resolved only after the fixed version is verified in production.

## Sources
- Verified: https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-p75g-cxfj-7wrx (GitHub-reviewed advisory GHSA-p75g-cxfj-7wrx lists affected ranges: Maven io.pebbletemplates:pebble >=0 <=3.2.3)

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